/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (c) 2006 John Judnich

This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages arising from the use of this software.
Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose, including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it freely, subject to the following restrictions:
    1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be appreciated but is not required.
    2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be misrepresented as being the original software.
    3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#ifndef __GrassLoader_H__
#define __GrassLoader_H__

#include "PagedGeometry.h"
#include "PropertyMaps.h"
#include "RandomTable.h"

#include <OgrePrerequisites.h>
#include <OgreMaterial.h>
#include <OgrePixelFormat.h>
#include <OgreStringConverter.h>
#include <OgreMeshManager.h>


#include <OgreRoot.h>
#include <OgreTimer.h>
#include <OgreCamera.h>
#include <OgreVector.h>
#include <OgreQuaternion.h>
#include <OgreEntity.h>
#include <OgreString.h>
#include <OgreStringConverter.h>
#include <OgreMaterialManager.h>
#include <OgreMaterial.h>
#include <OgreHardwareBufferManager.h>
#include <OgreHardwareBuffer.h>
#include <OgreMeshManager.h>
#include <OgreMesh.h>
#include <OgreSubMesh.h>
#include <OgreLogManager.h>
#include <OgreTextureManager.h>
#include <OgreHardwarePixelBuffer.h>
#include <OgreRenderSystem.h>
#include <OgreRenderSystemCapabilities.h>
#include <OgreHighLevelGpuProgram.h>
#include <OgreHighLevelGpuProgramManager.h>
#include <OgreTechnique.h>

#include <memory>

using namespace Ogre;
namespace Forests {

class GrassLayer;
class GrassLayerBase;

/** \brief A PageLoader-derived object you can use with PagedGeometry to produce realistic grass. 

Using a GrassLoader is simple - simply create an instance, attach it to your PagedGeometry object
with PagedGeometry::setPageLoader(), and add your grass. Important: For best performance, it is
recommended that you use GrassPage (included in GrassLoader.h) to display geometry loaded by GrassLoader.
This page type is designed for best performance with this grass system. BatchPage
will work, although performance will be reduced slightly, and ImpostorPage will run extremely slow.

When creating a GrassLoader you must specify the class which will be used for creating layers. By default a GrassLayer class is provided, which can be used as this:
\code
	::Forests::GrassLoader<GrassLayer> loader = new ::Forests::GrassLoader<GrassLayer>(grass);
\endcode
It's also possible for you to provide your own GrassLayer implementation by overriding the class GrassLayerBase. This will allow you to have much more control over how the grass is placed.


To add grass, just call addLayer(). addLayer() returns a GrassLayer object pointer, which you should
use to further configure your newly added grass. Properties like size, density, color, animation, etc.
can be controlled through the GrassLayer class.

\note By default, the GrassLoader doesn't know what shape your terrain so all grass will be placed at
0 height. To inform GrassLoader of the shape of your terrain, you must specify a height function
that returns the height (y coordinate) of your terrain at the given x and z coordinates. See
the TreeLoader2D::setHeightFunction() documentation for more information.

\warning If you attempt to use Ogre's scene queries to get the terrain height,
keep in mind that calculating the height of Ogre's built-in terrain this way can
be VERY slow if not done properly, and may cause stuttering due to long paging delays.
*/
template <typename TGrassLayer>
class GrassLoader: public PageLoader
{
public:
	/** \brief Creates a new GrassLoader object. 
	\param geomIn The PagedGeometry object that this GrassLoader will be assigned to.*/
	inline GrassLoader(PagedGeometry *geomIn);
	~GrassLoader();

	/** \brief Adds a grass layer to the scene.
	\param material The initial grass texture to use (this can be changed later).
	
	Since all grass is potentially infinite, it is not added like normal entities which
	have a specific position. Instead you add a grass "layer" to the scene. A grass layer
	is a "carpet" of a single type of grass that gets applied everywhere in your world.
	If you want multiple types of grass with different appearances, you'll have to add
	a multiple grass layers for each style.
	
	Of course, a grass layer is not completely uniform. The GrassLayer class contains
	functions to vary grass size and density levels as desired.

	\see GrassLayer class for more information. */
	TGrassLayer *addLayer(const Ogre::String &material);

	/** \brief Removes and deletes a grass layer from the scene

	This function simply deletes a GrassLayer previously created with addLayer(). */
	void deleteLayer(TGrassLayer *layer);

	/** \brief Returns a list of added grass layers.
	
	This function returns a std::list<GrassLayer*> reference, which contains all grass
	layers which have been added to this GrassLoader. */
	inline std::list<TGrassLayer*> &getLayerList() { return layerList; }

	/** \brief Sets the global wind direction for this GrassLoader.

	GrassLayer animation properties are used to configure the most of the animation
	behavior (sway length, speed, etc.), but wind direction is not included in GrassLayer
	since this is really a global property. Using this function, you can set the "global"
	wind direction which affects all animated grass associated with this PageLoader.

	Default value is Vector3::UNIT_X.
		
	\note This only affects grass layers which have breeze animations enabled.
	*/
	inline void setWindDirection(Ogre::Vector3 &dir) { windDir = dir; }

	inline void setBuildEdgesEnabled(bool value) { autoEdgeBuildEnabled=value; }
	inline bool getBuildEdgesEnabled() { return autoEdgeBuildEnabled; }

	/** \brief Returns the global wind direction for this GrassLoader.

	\see setWindDirection() for more information about the wind direction. */
	inline Ogre::Vector3 &getWindDirection() { return windDir; }

	/** \brief Sets the global density factor for this GrassLoader.

	This function can be used to up-scale or down-scale the density of all grass
	associated with this GrassLoader. This is typically used to provide the user
	the option to reduce grass density for better performance on slower machines.

	Final density values are calculated by multiplying the layer density by this
	density factor. For example, a layer with .4 density and a density factor of .5
	will result in a final density of .2 (.5 * .4)

	By default, the density factor is set to 1.0 so the layer density is not modified.
	*/
	inline void setDensityFactor(float density) { densityFactor = density; }

	/** \brief Returns the global density factor for this GrassLoader.

	\see setDensityFactor() for more information about the density factor. */
	inline float getDensityFactor() { return densityFactor; }

	/** \brief Sets the render queue group the grass will be rendered through
	\param queueID Enumerated value of the queue group to use
	
	Like Ogre's MovableObject::setRenderQueueGroup(), this allows you to customize
	the rendering order of your scene. Since grass is transparent, it's likely that
	you may encounter alpha-sorting issues between grass and your particle effects,
	for example. In this case you can use this function to adjust the rendering order
	of the grass to fix the problem.

	If you don't call this function, the RENDER_QUEUE_6 queue will be used.

	\note Once grass is loaded and being rendered, this won't have any effect on it.
	Be sure to call this function before the scene begins rendering, otherwise you will
	have to call PagedGeometry::reloadGeometry() to force a reload in order for the changes
	to take effect.	*/
	inline void setRenderQueueGroup(Ogre::uint8 queueID) { renderQueue = queueID; }

	/** \brief Sets the height function used to calculate grass Y coordinates
	\param heightFunction A pointer to a height function

	Unless you want all your grass placed at 0 height, you need to specify a height function
	so GrassLoader will be able to calculate the Y coordinate. The height function given
	to setHeightFunction() should use the following prototype (although you can name the
	function anything you want):

	\code
	Real getHeightAt(Real x, Real z, void *userData);
	\endcode

	\note If you're not using the default coordinate system (where x = right, z = back), the
	x/z parameters will actually be representing the appropriate equivalents.

	The userData parameter allows you to include any additional data you want when your height
	function is called, and is completely optional (although you can't actually omit it from the
	declaration, you can ignore it). Any userData value you choose to supply to setHeightFunction()
	will be passed on to your height function every time it is called.

	After you've defined a height function, using setHeightFunction is easy:

	\code
	pageLoader2D->setHeightFunction(&getHeightAt);
	//Or (if you want to pass additional data on to your height function)...
	pageLoader2D->setHeightFunction(&getHeightAt, myUserData);
	\endcode

	In most cases, you may not even need to use the extra "userData" parameter, but it's there in
	the event that your height function needs extra contextual data.
	*/
	void setHeightFunction(Ogre::Real (*heightFunctionIn)(Ogre::Real x, Ogre::Real z, void *userData), void *userData = NULL) {
		this->heightFunction = heightFunctionIn;
		heightFunctionUserData = userData;
	}

	bool preparePage(PageInfo &page);

	/** INTERNAL FUNCTION - DO NOT USE */
	void loadPage(PageInfo &page);
	/** INTERNAL FUNCTION - DO NOT USE */
	void unloadPage(PageInfo &page);
	/** INTERNAL FUNCTION - DO NOT USE */
	void frameUpdate();

	static float getRangeRandom(float start, float end);


private:
	friend class GrassLayer;

	//Helper functions
	Ogre::Mesh *generateGrass_QUAD(PageInfo &page, TGrassLayer *layer, float *grassPositions, unsigned int grassCount);
	Ogre::Mesh *generateGrass_CROSSQUADS(PageInfo &page, TGrassLayer *layer, float *grassPositions, unsigned int grassCount);
	Ogre::Mesh *generateGrass_SPRITE(PageInfo &page, TGrassLayer *layer, float *grassPositions, unsigned int grassCount);

	//List of grass types
	std::list<TGrassLayer*> layerList;

	//Height data
	Ogre::Real (*heightFunction)(Ogre::Real x, Ogre::Real z, void *userData);	//Pointer to height function
	void *heightFunctionUserData;

	//Misc.
	PagedGeometry *geom;
	Ogre::uint8 renderQueue;
	float densityFactor;

	// random table
	RandomTable *rTable;

	//Animation
	Ogre::Timer windTimer;
	Ogre::Vector3 windDir;
	unsigned long lastTime;

	bool autoEdgeBuildEnabled;

	static unsigned long GUID;
	static inline Ogre::String getUniqueID()
	{
		return "GrassLDR" + Ogre::StringConverter::toString(++GUID);
	}
};


/** \brief A technique used to render grass. Passed to GrassLayer::setRenderTechnique(). */
enum GrassTechnique
{
	/// Grass constructed of randomly placed and rotated quads
	GRASSTECH_QUAD,
	/// Grass constructed of two quads forming a "X" cross shape
	GRASSTECH_CROSSQUADS,
	/// Grass constructed of camera-facing billboard quads
	GRASSTECH_SPRITE
};

/** \brief A technique used to fade grass into the distance. Passed to GrassLayer::setFadeTechnique(). */
enum FadeTechnique
{
	/// Grass that fades into the distance with transparency. Fairly effective in most cases.
	FADETECH_ALPHA,
	/// Grass that fades in by "growing" up out of the ground. Very effective when grass fades in against the sky, or with alpha-rejected grass.
	FADETECH_GROW,
	/// Grass that fades in by slowly becoming opaque while it "grows" up out of the ground. Effective with alpha grass fading in against the sky.
	FADETECH_ALPHAGROW
};

class GrassLayerBase
{
public:
	/** \brief Sets the material that is applied to all grass billboards/quads */
	void setMaterialName(const Ogre::String &matName);

	/** \brief Sets the minimum size that grass quads/billboards will be */
	void setMinimumSize(float width, float height);

	/** \brief Sets the maximum size that grass quads/billboards will be */
	void setMaximumSize(float width, float height);

	/** \brief Sets the technique used to render this grass layer
	\param style The GrassTechnique style used to display grass.
	\param blendBase Whether or not grass base blending is enabled.

	The "style" setting allows you to choose from various construction methods, such as
	sprite-style grass quads, plain 3D quads, etc. See the GrassTechnique documentation
	for more information about this option. GRASSTECH_QUAD is used by default.

	Setting "blendBase" to true will enable grass base blending, a technique which helps
	reduce the unnatural flat appearance of grass quads near the camera. Since the flatness
	is most obvious where the grass intersects the terrain, this technique attempts to
	smoothly blend the base of near-by grass into the terrain.

	\note Base blending does not work well with alpha-rejected textures.
	*/
	void setRenderTechnique(GrassTechnique style, bool blendBase = false);

	/** \brief Sets the technique used when fading out distant grass
	\param style The FadeTechnique style used to fade grass.

	This "style" setting allows you to choose from various fade techniques. Depending on
	your scene, certain techniques may look better than others. The most compatible method
	is FADETECH_ALPHA (used by default), although better results can usually be achieved
	with other methods. See the FadeTechnique documentation for more information.
	*/
	void setFadeTechnique(FadeTechnique style);

	/** \brief Enables/disables animation on this layer

	Always use this function to disable animation, rather than setting SwayLength or SwaySpeed
	to 0. This function will use a different vertex shader which means improved performance
	when animation is disabled.
	*/
	void setAnimationEnabled(bool enabled);

	/** \brief Enables/disables lighting on this layer
	*/
	void setLightingEnabled(bool enabled);

	/** \brief Whether vertex colours are enabled on this layer.
	 *
	 * If you're using a shader to provide dynamic lightning you probably want to disable vertex colours.
	*/
	virtual bool isColoursEnabled() const;

	/** \brief Whether normals are enabled on this layer.
	*/
	virtual bool isNormalsEnabled() const;

	/** \brief Whether tangents are enabled on this layer.
	 *
	*/
	virtual bool isTangentsEnabled() const;

	/** \brief Whether shadow casting should be enabled for the mesh generated.
	*/
	virtual bool isCastShadowsEnabled() const;

	/** \brief Sets how far grass should sway back and forth

	\note Since this is measured in world units, you may have to adjust this depending on
	the size of your grass as set by setMinimumSize() and setMaximumSize().*/
	void setSwayLength(float mag) { animMag = mag; }

	/** \brief Sets the sway speed of the grass (measured in "sways-per-second") */
	void setSwaySpeed(float speed) { animSpeed = speed; }

	/** \brief Sets the smooth distribution (positional phase shift) of the grass swaying animation

	If you set this to 0, grass animation will look very unnatural, since all the grass sway motions
	will be in perfect synchronization (everything sways to the right, then everything sways to the
	left, etc.) This sets the "positional phase shift", which gives the grass a "wave" like phase
	distribution. The higher this value is, the more "chaotic" the wind will appear. Lower values give
	a smoother breeze appearance, but values too high can look unrealistic.
	*/
	void setSwayDistribution(float freq) { animFreq = freq; }

	/** \brief Sets the boundaries of the density/color maps
	\param bounds The map boundary

	By default, the GrassLayer has no knowledge of your terrain/world boundaries, so you must
	use this function to specify a rectangular/square area of your world, otherwise density/color maps
	won't work properly. The boundary given to this function defines the area where density/color
	maps take effect. Normally this is set to your terrain's bounds so the density/color map is aligned
	to your heightmap, but you could apply it anywhere you want.

	\note The grass system is infinite, so there's no need to worry about using too expansive
	boundaries. This setting simply configures the behavior of density and color maps. */
	virtual void setMapBounds(const Ogre::TRect<Ogre::Real> &bounds)
	{
		mapBounds = bounds;
	}


	/**
	 * @brief Calculates the max number of grass instances for this layer.
	 * @param page The page to create grass for.
	 * @param densityFactor The density factor set on the grass loader
	 * @param volume The volume, in world units, to fill
	 * @param isAvailable This must be set to true if the grass is currently available.
	 * @return The max number of grass instances to create.
	 */
	virtual unsigned int prepareGrass(const PageInfo& page, float densityFactor, float volume, bool& isAvailable) = 0;

	/** \brief Set the maximum slope a grass of blade can be placed on.
	\param maxSlopeRatio The maximum slope (h/w ratio) a grass blade is allowed to be placed on.

	This function can be used to set the maximum slope you want your grass to be placed on
	(although it doesn't work for sprite grass). By default grass is allowed on any slope.
	
	This version of setMaxSlope() accepts a slope ratio value, where ATan(maxSlopeRatio) =
	maxSlopeAngle. If you wish to provide a maximum slope as an angle, either use the other
	overload of this function, or convert your angle to a slope ratio first with Tan().*/
	void setMaxSlope(const float maxSlopeRatio) { maxSlope = maxSlopeRatio; }

	void setMaxSlope(Ogre::Radian maxSlopeAngle) {
		if (maxSlopeAngle > Ogre::Degree(89.99f))
			maxSlopeAngle = Ogre::Degree(89.99f);
		if (maxSlopeAngle < Ogre::Degree(0))
			maxSlopeAngle = Ogre::Degree(0);

		maxSlope = Ogre::Math::Tan(maxSlopeAngle);
	}

	/** \brief Get the maximum slope a grass blade can be placed on (as set by setMaxSlope()).
	\returns The currently set maximum slope ratio value (not an angle).

	This returns the currently set maximum slope which is used to determine what ground is too steep
	for grass to be placed on. Note that this returns the slope as a slope ratio, not an angle. If you
	need an angle value, convert with ATan() (maxSlopeAngle = ATan(maxSlopeRatio)).*/
	float getMaxSlope() const { return maxSlope; }

protected:

	//Used by GrassLoader::loadPage() - populates an array with grass.
	//Returns the final number of grasses, which will always be <= grassCount
	virtual unsigned int _populateGrassList(PageInfo page, float *posBuff, unsigned int grassCount) = 0;

	//Updates the vertex shader used by this layer based on the animate enable status
	void _updateShaders();

	//Grass material/shape properties
	Ogre::MaterialPtr material;
	float minWidth, maxWidth;
	float minHeight, maxHeight;
	float maxSlope;

	FadeTechnique fadeTechnique;
	GrassTechnique renderTechnique;

	//Property maps
	Ogre::TRect<Ogre::Real> mapBounds;

	//Grass shader properties
	bool animate, blend, lighting, shaderNeedsUpdate;
	float animMag, animSpeed, animFreq;

	//Current frame of animation for this layer
	float waveCount;

	PagedGeometry *geom;

};


/** \brief A data structure giving you full control over grass properties.

Grass is added to the scene through GrassLoader::addLayer(). Through this class you
can configure your grass layer any way you like - size, density, render technique,
animation, etc. Simply call the appropriate "set" member function to set the desired property.

Remember that you cannot create or delete layers directly. Layers can only be created
with GrassLoader::addLayer(), and may not be deleted manually (they will be deleted when
the associated GrassLoader is deleted).
*/
class GrassLayer : public GrassLayerBase
{
public:

	/** \brief Sets the maximum densityIn (measured in grass quads/billboards per square unit) of grass */
	void setDensity(float densityIn) { this->density = densityIn; }

	/** \brief Sets a minimum / maximum height where grass may appear
	\param minHeightIn Sets the minimum height grass may have. 0 = no minimum
	\param maxHeightIn Sets the maximum height grass may have. 0 = no maximum

	By default grass appears at all altitudes. You can use this function to restrict grass to a
	certain height range. For example, if sea level is at 100 units Y, you might restrict this
	layer to display only above 100 units (so your grass doesn't grow under water).

	It's possible to use density maps (see setDensityMap()) to achieve similar results, but if
	your density map is extremely low resolution, this function may be the only practical option
	to prevent grass from growing under water (when used in combination with your density map).

	Setting minHeightIn to 0 means grass has no minimum height - it can grow as low as necessary.
	Similarly, setting maxHeightIn to 0 means grass has no maximum height - it can grow as high
	as necessary. */
	void setHeightRange(float minHeightIn, float maxHeightIn = 0) { minY = minHeightIn; maxY = maxHeightIn; }

	/** \brief Sets the density map used for this grass layer
	\param mapFile The density map image
	\param channel The color channel(s) to from the image to interpret as density
	
	A density map is simply a greyscale image, similar to a heightmap, that specifies the grass
	density on your map. Full pixel intensity indicates that grass should be fully dense at that
	point (the maximum density is specified by GrassLayer::setDensity()), while no pixel intensity
	indicates that no grass should appear at that location.

	The channel parameter allows you to extract the density information from the image's
	red, green, blue, alpha, or color values. For example, you may store density values in the
	alpha channel, in which case you would use CHANNEL_ALPHA. By default, CHANNEL_COLOR is used,
	which means the image color is converted to greyscale internally and used as a density map.
	
	Note that GrassLayer by default has no idea of your terrain/world boundaries, so you
	must specify a rectangular/square area of your world that is affected by density/color maps.
	To do this, use the setMapBounds() function. Normally this is set to your terrain's bounds
	so the density/color map is aligned to your heightmap, but you could apply it anywhere you
	want. */
	void setDensityMap(const Ogre::String &mapFile, MapChannel channel = CHANNEL_COLOR);

	/** \brief Sets the density map used for this grass layer

	Overloaded to accept a Texture object. See the original setDensityMap() documentation above
	for more detailed information on density maps.
	
	\note The texture data you provide is copied into the GrassLayer's own memory space, so you
	can delete the texture after calling this function without risk of crashing. */
	void setDensityMap(Ogre::TexturePtr map, MapChannel channel = CHANNEL_COLOR);

	/** \brief Sets the filtering mode used for density maps

	This function can be used to set the filtering mode used for your density map when generating
	grass. By default, bilinear filtering is used (MAPFILTER_BILINEAR). If you disable filtering
	by using MAPFILTER_NONE, the resulting layout of your grass may look square and blocky,
	depending on the resolution of your density map.

	MAPFILTER_NONE is slightly faster than MAPFILTER_BILINEAR, so use it if you don't notice any
	considerable blockiness.
	*/
	void setDensityMapFilter(MapFilter filter);

	/** \brief Sets the color map used for this grass layer
	\param mapFile The color map image
	\param channel The color channel(s) to from the image to use
	
	A color map is simply a texture that allows you to vary the color and shading of grass
	across your world for a more realistic look. For example, adding a dark spot to the center
	of your color map will make grass near the center of your terrain look darker, as long as
	you have the color map aligned to your terrain (see setMapBounds()).

	The channel parameter allows you to extract the color information from the image's
	red, green, blue, alpha, or color values. For example, you may store the desired shade of your
	grass in the red channel of an image, in which case you would use CHANNEL_RED (when you choose
	a single channel, it is converted to a greyscale color). By default, CHANNEL_COLOR is used,
	which uses the full color information available in the image.
	
	Remember that GrassLayer by default has no idea of your terrain/world boundaries, so you
	must specify a rectangular/square area of your world that is affected by density/color maps.
	To do this, use the setMapBounds() function. Normally this is set to your terrain's bounds
	so the density/color map is aligned to your heightmap, but you could apply it anywhere you
	want. */
	void setColorMap(const Ogre::String &mapFile, MapChannel channel = CHANNEL_COLOR);

	/** \brief Sets the color map used for this grass layer

	Overloaded to accept a Texture object. See the original setColorMap() documentation above
	for more detailed information on color maps.
	
	\note The texture data you provide is copied into RAM, so you can delete the texture after
	calling this function without risk of crashing. */
	void setColorMap(Ogre::TexturePtr map, MapChannel channel = CHANNEL_COLOR);

	/** \brief Sets the filtering mode used for color maps

	This function can be used to set the filtering mode used for your color map when generating
	grass. By default, bilinear filtering is used (MAPFILTER_BILINEAR). If you disable filtering
	by using MAPFILTER_NONE, the resulting grass coloration may appear slightly pixelated,
	depending on the resolution of your color map.
	
	MAPFILTER_NONE is slightly faster than MAPFILTER_BILINEAR, so use it if you don't notice any
	considerable pixelation.
	*/
	void setColorMapFilter(MapFilter filter);

	/** \brief Gets a pointer to the density map being used

	You can use this function to access the internal density map object used by the GrassLoader.
	Through this object you can directly manipulate the pixels of the density map, among other
	things.

	Note that although you can edit the density map in real-time through this class, the changes
	won't be uploaded to your video card until you call PagedGeometry::reloadGeometry(). If you
	don't, the grass you see will remain unchanged. */
	DensityMap *getDensityMap() { return densityMap; }

	/** \brief Gets a pointer to the color map being used

	You can use this function to access the internal color map object used by the GrassLoader.
	Through this object you can directly manipulate the pixels of the color map, among other
	things.

	Note that although you can edit the color map in real-time through this class, the changes
	won't be uploaded to your video card until you call PagedGeometry::reloadGeometry(). If you
	don't, the grass you see will remain unchanged. */
	ColorMap *getColorMap() { return colorMap; }

	virtual unsigned int prepareGrass(const PageInfo& page, float densityFactor, float volume, bool& isAvailable);


	/**
	 *    If there's a colormap registered use that for lookup, else return fullbright.
	 * @param x
	 * @param z
	 * @return
	*/
	inline Ogre::uint32 getColorAt(float x, float z)
	{
		if (colorMap)
			return colorMap->getColorAt(x, z, mapBounds);
		else
			return 0xFFFFFFFF;
	}

private:
	friend class GrassLoader<GrassLayer>;

	/** \brief Do not create a GrassLayer directly - use GrassLoader->addLayer() */
	GrassLayer(PagedGeometry *geom, GrassLoader<GrassLayer> *ldr);

	/** \brief Do not delete a GrassLayer yourself - the GrassLoader will do this automatically when it's deleted */
	~GrassLayer();

	//Used by GrassLoader::loadPage() - populates an array with grass.
	//Returns the final number of grasses, which will always be <= grassCount
	virtual unsigned int _populateGrassList(PageInfo page, float *posBuff, unsigned int grassCount);

	//Used by GrassLoader::loadPage() - populates an array with a uniform distribution of grass
	//Returns the final number of grasses, which will always be <= grassCount
	unsigned int _populateGrassList_Uniform(PageInfo page, float *posBuff, unsigned int grassCount);

	//Used by GrassLoader::loadPage() - populates an array of grass positions based on the density map
	//Returns the final number of grasses, which will always be <= grassCount
	unsigned int _populateGrassList_UnfilteredDM(PageInfo page, float *posBuff, unsigned int grassCount);

	//Variation of _populateGrassList(), using bilinear filtering on the density map lookups
	//Returns the final number of grasses, which will always be <= grassCount
	unsigned int _populateGrassList_BilinearDM(PageInfo page, float *posBuff, unsigned int grassCount);


	GrassLoader<GrassLayer> *parent;

	//Grass material/shape properties
	float density;
	float minY, maxY;


	DensityMap *densityMap;
	MapFilter densityMapFilter;

	ColorMap *colorMap;
	MapFilter colorMapFilter;

};


/** \brief A custom page type designed specifically for use with GrassLoader.

You can use this in your own project if you want, but remember that no optimizations
are performed. The given entity is simply cloned and attached to a new scene node as
quickly and simply as possible (this means there's no batching overhead as in BatchPage,
but it also means potentially poor performance if you don't know what you're doing).
*/
class GrassPage: public GeometryPage
{
public:
	void init(PagedGeometry *geom, const Ogre::Any &data);
	~GrassPage();

	void addEntity(Ogre::Entity *ent, const Ogre::Vector3 &position, const Ogre::Quaternion &rotation, const Ogre::Vector3 &scale, const Ogre::ColourValue &color);
	void removeEntities();
	void setFade(bool enabled, Ogre::Real visibleDist, Ogre::Real invisibleDist) {}
	void setVisible(bool visible);

private:
	Ogre::SceneManager *sceneMgr;
	Ogre::SceneNode *rootNode;

	std::list<Ogre::SceneNode*> nodeList;

	static unsigned long GUID;
	static inline Ogre::String getUniqueID()
	{
		return "GrassPage" + Ogre::StringConverter::toString(++GUID);
	}
};

template <class TGrassLayer>
GrassLoader<TGrassLayer>::GrassLoader(PagedGeometry *geomIn)
{
	GrassLoader<TGrassLayer>::geom = geomIn;

	// generate some random numbers
	rTable = new RandomTable();

	heightFunction = NULL;
	heightFunctionUserData = NULL;

	windDir = Ogre::Vector3::UNIT_X;
	densityFactor = 1.0f;
	renderQueue = geomIn->getRenderQueue();

	windTimer.reset();
	lastTime = 0;
}

template <class TGrassLayer>
GrassLoader<TGrassLayer>::~GrassLoader()
{
	typename std::list<TGrassLayer*>::iterator it;
	for (it = layerList.begin(); it != layerList.end(); ++it){
		delete *it;
	}
	layerList.clear();

	if(rTable)
	{
		delete(rTable);
		rTable=0;
	}

}

template <class TGrassLayer>
TGrassLayer *GrassLoader<TGrassLayer>::addLayer(const Ogre::String &material)
{
	TGrassLayer *layer = new TGrassLayer(geom, this);
	layer->setMaterialName(material);
	layerList.push_back(layer);

	return layer;
}

template <class TGrassLayer>
void GrassLoader<TGrassLayer>::deleteLayer(TGrassLayer *layer)
{
	layerList.remove(layer);
	delete layer;
}

template <class TGrassLayer>
void GrassLoader<TGrassLayer>::frameUpdate()
{
	unsigned long currentTime = windTimer.getMilliseconds();
	unsigned long ellapsedTime = currentTime - lastTime;
	lastTime = currentTime;

	float ellapsed = ellapsedTime / 1000.0f;

	//Update the vertex shader parameters
	typename std::list<TGrassLayer*>::iterator it;
	for (it = layerList.begin(); it != layerList.end(); ++it){
		TGrassLayer *layer = *it;

		layer->_updateShaders();

		Ogre::Technique* tech = layer->material->getBestTechnique();
		if (tech && tech->getNumPasses()) {
			Ogre::Pass* pass = tech->getPass(0);
			if (pass->hasVertexProgram()) {
				Ogre::GpuProgramParametersSharedPtr params = pass->getVertexProgramParameters();
				if (params && layer->animate){
					//Increment animation frame
					layer->waveCount += ellapsed * (layer->animSpeed * Ogre::Math::PI);
					if (layer->waveCount > Ogre::Math::PI*2) layer->waveCount -= Ogre::Math::PI*2;

					//Set vertex shader parameters
					params->setNamedConstant("time", layer->waveCount);
					params->setNamedConstant("frequency", layer->animFreq);

					Ogre::Vector3 direction = windDir * layer->animMag;
					params->setNamedConstant("direction", Ogre::Vector4(direction.x, direction.y, direction.z, 0));
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

template <class TGrassLayer>
bool GrassLoader<TGrassLayer>::preparePage(PageInfo &page)
{
	bool result = true;
	//Calculate how much grass needs to be added
	float volume = page.bounds.width() * page.bounds.height();
	typename std::list<TGrassLayer*>::iterator it;
	for (it = layerList.begin(); it != layerList.end(); ++it){
		TGrassLayer *layer = *it;
		bool isAvailable = false;
		layer->prepareGrass(page, densityFactor, volume, isAvailable);
		result = result && isAvailable;
	}
	return result;
}


template <class TGrassLayer>
void GrassLoader<TGrassLayer>::loadPage(PageInfo &page)
{
	//Generate meshes
	typename std::list<TGrassLayer*>::iterator it;
	for (it = layerList.begin(); it != layerList.end(); ++it){
		TGrassLayer *layer = *it;
		layer->material->prepare();

		// Continue to the next layer if the current page is outside of the layers map boundaries.
		if(layer->mapBounds.right < page.bounds.left || layer->mapBounds.left > page.bounds.right ||
		   layer->mapBounds.bottom < page.bounds.top || layer->mapBounds.top > page.bounds.bottom)
		{
			continue;
		}

		//Calculate how much grass needs to be added
		float volume = page.bounds.width() * page.bounds.height();
		bool isAvailable = false;
		unsigned int grassCount = layer->prepareGrass(page, densityFactor, volume, isAvailable);

		if (isAvailable && grassCount) {
			//The vertex buffer can't be allocated until the exact number of polygons is known,
			//so the locations of all grasses in this page must be precalculated.

			//Precompute grass locations into an array of floats. A plain array is used for speed;
			//there's no need to use a dynamic sized array since a maximum size is known.
			float *position = new float[grassCount*4];
			grassCount = layer->_populateGrassList(page, position, grassCount);

			//Don't build a mesh unless it contains something
			if (grassCount != 0){
				Mesh *mesh = NULL;
				switch (layer->renderTechnique){
					case GRASSTECH_QUAD:
						mesh = generateGrass_QUAD(page, layer, position, grassCount);
						break;
					case GRASSTECH_CROSSQUADS:
						mesh = generateGrass_CROSSQUADS(page, layer, position, grassCount);
						break;
					case GRASSTECH_SPRITE:
						mesh = generateGrass_SPRITE(page, layer, position, grassCount);
						break;
				}
				assert(mesh);

				//Add the mesh to PagedGeometry
				Entity *entity = geom->getCamera()->getSceneManager()->createEntity(getUniqueID(), mesh->getName());
				entity->setRenderQueueGroup(renderQueue);
				entity->setCastShadows(layer->isCastShadowsEnabled());
				addEntity(entity, page.centerPoint, Quaternion::IDENTITY, Vector3::UNIT_SCALE);

				//Store the mesh pointer
				page.meshList.push_back(mesh);
			}

			//Delete the position list
			delete[] position;
		}
	}

}

template <class TGrassLayer>
void GrassLoader<TGrassLayer>::unloadPage(PageInfo &page)
{
	// we unload the page in the page's destructor
}
template <class TGrassLayer>
Mesh *GrassLoader<TGrassLayer>::generateGrass_QUAD(PageInfo &page, TGrassLayer *layer, float *grassPositions, unsigned int grassCount)
{
	//Calculate the number of quads to be added
	unsigned int quadCount;
	quadCount = grassCount;

	// check for overflows of the uint16's
	unsigned int maxUInt16 = std::numeric_limits<uint16>::max();
	if(grassCount > maxUInt16)
	{
		LogManager::getSingleton().logMessage("grass count overflow: you tried to use more than " + StringConverter::toString(maxUInt16) + " (that's the maximum) grass meshes for one page");
		return 0;
	}
	if(quadCount > maxUInt16)
	{
		LogManager::getSingleton().logMessage("quad count overflow: you tried to use more than " + StringConverter::toString(maxUInt16) + " (that's the maximum) grass meshes for one page");
		return 0;
	}

	//Create manual mesh to store grass quads
	MeshPtr mesh = MeshManager::getSingleton().createManual(getUniqueID(), ResourceGroupManager::DEFAULT_RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME);
	SubMesh *subMesh = mesh->createSubMesh();
	subMesh->useSharedVertices = false;

	//Setup vertex format information
	subMesh->vertexData = new VertexData;
	subMesh->vertexData->vertexStart = 0;
	subMesh->vertexData->vertexCount = 4 * quadCount;

	VertexDeclaration* dcl = subMesh->vertexData->vertexDeclaration;
	size_t offset = 0;
	bool colours = layer->isColoursEnabled();
	bool normals = layer->isNormalsEnabled();
	dcl->addElement(0, offset, VET_FLOAT3, VES_POSITION);
	offset += VertexElement::getTypeSize(VET_FLOAT3);
	if (colours) {
		dcl->addElement(0, offset, VET_COLOUR, VES_DIFFUSE);
		offset += VertexElement::getTypeSize(VET_COLOUR);
	}
	dcl->addElement(0, offset, VET_FLOAT2, VES_TEXTURE_COORDINATES);
	offset += VertexElement::getTypeSize(VET_FLOAT2);
	if (normals) {
		dcl->addElement(0, offset, VET_FLOAT4, VES_NORMAL);
		offset += VertexElement::getTypeSize(VET_FLOAT4);
	}

	//Populate a new vertex buffer with grass
	HardwareVertexBufferSharedPtr vbuf = HardwareBufferManager::getSingleton()
		.createVertexBuffer(offset, subMesh->vertexData->vertexCount, HardwareBuffer::HBU_STATIC_WRITE_ONLY, false);
	float* pReal = static_cast<float*>(vbuf->lock(HardwareBuffer::HBL_DISCARD));

	//Calculate size variance
	float rndWidth = layer->maxWidth - layer->minWidth;
	float rndHeight = layer->maxHeight - layer->minHeight;
	Vector3 normal(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); //We'll use a normal pointing straight up, to best simulate grass and sunlight.

	float minY = Math::POS_INFINITY, maxY = Math::NEG_INFINITY;
	float *posPtr = grassPositions;	//Position array "iterator"
	for (uint16 i = 0; i < grassCount; ++i)
	{
		//Get the x and z positions from the position array
		float x = *posPtr++;
		float z = *posPtr++;

		//Get the color at the grass position
		Ogre::uint32 color(0);

		if (colours) {
			color = layer->getColorAt(x, z);
		}
		//Calculate size
		float rnd = *posPtr++;	//The same rnd value is used for width and height to maintain aspect ratio
		float halfScaleX = (layer->minWidth + rndWidth * rnd) * 0.5f;
		float scaleY = (layer->minHeight + rndHeight * rnd);

		//Calculate rotation
		float angle = *posPtr++;
		float xTrans = Math::Cos(angle) * halfScaleX;
		float zTrans = Math::Sin(angle) * halfScaleX;

		//Calculate heights and edge positions
		float x1 = x - xTrans, z1 = z - zTrans;
		float x2 = x + xTrans, z2 = z + zTrans;

		float y1, y2;
		if (heightFunction){
			y1 = heightFunction(x1, z1, heightFunctionUserData);
			y2 = heightFunction(x2, z2, heightFunctionUserData);

			if (layer->getMaxSlope() < (Math::Abs(y1 - y2) / (halfScaleX * 2))) {
				//Degenerate the face
				x2 = x1;
				y2 = y1;
				z2 = z1;
			}
		} else {
			y1 = 0;
			y2 = 0;
		}


		//Add vertices
		*pReal++ = (x1 - page.centerPoint.x); *pReal++ = (y1 + scaleY); *pReal++ = (z1 - page.centerPoint.z);	//pos
		if (colours) {
			*((uint32*)pReal++) = color;							//color
		}
		*pReal++ = 0; *pReal++ = 0;								//uv
		if (normals) {
			*pReal++ = normal.x; *pReal++ = normal.y; *pReal++ = normal.z; *pReal++ = 0.0f;
		}

		*pReal++ = (x2 - page.centerPoint.x); *pReal++ = (y2 + scaleY); *pReal++ = (z2 - page.centerPoint.z);	//pos
		if (colours) {
			*((uint32*)pReal++) = color;							//color
		}
		*pReal++ = 1; *pReal++ = 0;								//uv
		if (normals) {
			*pReal++ = normal.x; *pReal++ = normal.y; *pReal++ = normal.z; *pReal++ = 0.0f;
		}

		*pReal++ = (x1 - page.centerPoint.x); *pReal++ = (y1); *pReal++ = (z1 - page.centerPoint.z);			//pos
		if (colours) {
			*((uint32*)pReal++) = color;							//color
		}
		*pReal++ = 0; *pReal++ = 1;								//uv
		if (normals) {
			*pReal++ = normal.x; *pReal++ = normal.y; *pReal++ = normal.z; *pReal++ = 0.0f;
		}

		*pReal++ = (x2 - page.centerPoint.x); *pReal++ = (y2); *pReal++ = (z2 - page.centerPoint.z);			//pos
		if (colours) {
			*((uint32*)pReal++) = color;							//color
		}
		*pReal++ = 1; *pReal++ = 1;								//uv
		if (normals) {
			*pReal++ = normal.x; *pReal++ = normal.y; *pReal++ = normal.z; *pReal++ = 0.0f;
		}

		//Update bounds
		if (y1 < minY) minY = y1;
		if (y2 < minY) minY = y2;
		if (y1 + scaleY > maxY) maxY = y1 + scaleY;
		if (y2 + scaleY > maxY) maxY = y2 + scaleY;
	}

	vbuf->unlock();
	subMesh->vertexData->vertexBufferBinding->setBinding(0, vbuf);

	//Populate index buffer
	subMesh->indexData->indexStart = 0;
	subMesh->indexData->indexCount = 6 * quadCount;
	subMesh->indexData->indexBuffer = HardwareBufferManager::getSingleton()
		.createIndexBuffer(HardwareIndexBuffer::IT_16BIT, subMesh->indexData->indexCount, HardwareBuffer::HBU_STATIC_WRITE_ONLY);
	uint16* pI = static_cast<uint16*>(subMesh->indexData->indexBuffer->lock(HardwareBuffer::HBL_DISCARD));
	for (uint16 i = 0; i < quadCount; ++i)
	{
		uint16 indexOffset = i * 4;

		*pI++ = 0 + indexOffset;
		*pI++ = 2 + indexOffset;
		*pI++ = 1 + indexOffset;

		*pI++ = 1 + indexOffset;
		*pI++ = 2 + indexOffset;
		*pI++ = 3 + indexOffset;
	}

	subMesh->indexData->indexBuffer->unlock();
	//subMesh->setBuildEdgesEnabled(autoEdgeBuildEnabled);

	//Finish up mesh
	AxisAlignedBox bounds(page.bounds.left - page.centerPoint.x, minY, page.bounds.top - page.centerPoint.z,
		page.bounds.right - page.centerPoint.x, maxY, page.bounds.bottom - page.centerPoint.z);
	mesh->_setBounds(bounds);
	Vector3 temp = bounds.getMaximum() - bounds.getMinimum();
	mesh->_setBoundingSphereRadius(temp.length() * 0.5f);

	mesh->setAutoBuildEdgeLists(autoEdgeBuildEnabled);
	mesh->load();

	//Apply grass material to mesh
	subMesh->setMaterialName(layer->material->getName());

	if (layer->isTangentsEnabled()) {
		mesh->buildTangentVectors();
	}

	//Return the mesh
	return mesh.get();
}

template <class TGrassLayer>
Mesh *GrassLoader<TGrassLayer>::generateGrass_CROSSQUADS(PageInfo &page, TGrassLayer *layer, float *grassPositions, unsigned int grassCount)
{
	//Calculate the number of quads to be added
	unsigned int quadCount;
	quadCount = grassCount * 2;

	// check for overflows of the uint16's
	unsigned int maxUInt16 = std::numeric_limits<uint16>::max();
	if(grassCount > maxUInt16)
	{
		LogManager::getSingleton().logMessage("grass count overflow: you tried to use more than " + StringConverter::toString(maxUInt16) + " (that's the maximum) grass meshes for one page");
		return 0;
	}
	if(quadCount > maxUInt16)
	{
		LogManager::getSingleton().logMessage("quad count overflow: you tried to use more than " + StringConverter::toString(maxUInt16) + " (that's the maximum) grass meshes for one page");
		return 0;
	}

	//Create manual mesh to store grass quads
	MeshPtr mesh = MeshManager::getSingleton().createManual(getUniqueID(), ResourceGroupManager::DEFAULT_RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME);
	SubMesh *subMesh = mesh->createSubMesh();
	subMesh->useSharedVertices = false;

	//Setup vertex format information
	subMesh->vertexData = new VertexData;
	subMesh->vertexData->vertexStart = 0;
	subMesh->vertexData->vertexCount = 4 * quadCount;

	VertexDeclaration* dcl = subMesh->vertexData->vertexDeclaration;
	size_t offset = 0;
	bool colours = layer->isColoursEnabled();
	bool normals = layer->isNormalsEnabled();
	dcl->addElement(0, offset, VET_FLOAT3, VES_POSITION);
	offset += VertexElement::getTypeSize(VET_FLOAT3);
	if (colours) {
		dcl->addElement(0, offset, VET_COLOUR, VES_DIFFUSE);
		offset += VertexElement::getTypeSize(VET_COLOUR);
	}
	dcl->addElement(0, offset, VET_FLOAT2, VES_TEXTURE_COORDINATES);
	offset += VertexElement::getTypeSize(VET_FLOAT2);
	if (normals) {
		dcl->addElement(0, offset, VET_FLOAT4, VES_NORMAL);
		offset += VertexElement::getTypeSize(VET_FLOAT4);
	}

	//Populate a new vertex buffer with grass
	HardwareVertexBufferSharedPtr vbuf = HardwareBufferManager::getSingleton()
		.createVertexBuffer(offset, subMesh->vertexData->vertexCount, HardwareBuffer::HBU_STATIC_WRITE_ONLY, false);
	float* pReal = static_cast<float*>(vbuf->lock(HardwareBuffer::HBL_DISCARD));

	//Calculate size variance
	float rndWidth = layer->maxWidth - layer->minWidth;
	float rndHeight = layer->maxHeight - layer->minHeight;

	float minY = Math::POS_INFINITY, maxY = Math::NEG_INFINITY;
	float *posPtr = grassPositions;	//Position array "iterator"
	Vector3 normal(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); //We'll use a normal pointing straight up, to best simulate grass and sunlight.
	for (uint16 i = 0; i < grassCount; ++i)
	{
		//Get the x and z positions from the position array
		float x = *posPtr++;
		float z = *posPtr++;

		Ogre::uint32 color(0);

		if (colours) {
			//Get the color at the grass position
			color = layer->getColorAt(x, z);
		}

		//Calculate size
		float rnd = *posPtr++;	//The same rnd value is used for width and height to maintain aspect ratio
		float halfScaleX = (layer->minWidth + rndWidth * rnd) * 0.5f;
		float scaleY = (layer->minHeight + rndHeight * rnd);

		//Calculate rotation
		float angle = *posPtr++;
		float xTrans = Math::Cos(angle) * halfScaleX;
		float zTrans = Math::Sin(angle) * halfScaleX;

		//Calculate heights and edge positions
		float x1 = x - xTrans, z1 = z - zTrans;
		float x2 = x + xTrans, z2 = z + zTrans;

		float y1, y2;
		if (heightFunction){
			y1 = heightFunction(x1, z1, heightFunctionUserData);
			y2 = heightFunction(x2, z2, heightFunctionUserData);

			if (layer->getMaxSlope() < (Math::Abs(y1 - y2) / (halfScaleX * 2))) {
				//Degenerate the face
				x2 = x1;
				y2 = y1;
				z2 = z1;
			}
		} else {
			y1 = 0;
			y2 = 0;
		}

		//Add vertices
		*pReal++ = (x1 - page.centerPoint.x); *pReal++ = (y1 + scaleY); *pReal++ = (z1 - page.centerPoint.z);	//pos
		if (colours) {
			*((uint32*)pReal++) = color;							//color
		}
		*pReal++ = 0; *pReal++ = 0;								//uv
		if (normals) {
			*pReal++ = normal.x; *pReal++ = normal.y; *pReal++ = normal.z; *pReal++ = 0.0f;
		}

		*pReal++ = (x2 - page.centerPoint.x); *pReal++ = (y2 + scaleY); *pReal++ = (z2 - page.centerPoint.z);	//pos
		if (colours) {
			*((uint32*)pReal++) = color;							//color
		}
		*pReal++ = 1; *pReal++ = 0;								//uv
		if (normals) {
			*pReal++ = normal.x; *pReal++ = normal.y; *pReal++ = normal.z; *pReal++ = 0.0f;
		}

		*pReal++ = (x1 - page.centerPoint.x); *pReal++ = (y1); *pReal++ = (z1 - page.centerPoint.z);			//pos
		if (colours) {
			*((uint32*)pReal++) = color;							//color
		}
		*pReal++ = 0; *pReal++ = 1;								//uv
		if (normals) {
			*pReal++ = normal.x; *pReal++ = normal.y; *pReal++ = normal.z; *pReal++ = 0.0f;
		}

		*pReal++ = (x2 - page.centerPoint.x); *pReal++ = (y2); *pReal++ = (z2 - page.centerPoint.z);			//pos
		if (colours) {
			*((uint32*)pReal++) = color;							//color
		}
		*pReal++ = 1; *pReal++ = 1;								//uv
		if (normals) {
			*pReal++ = normal.x; *pReal++ = normal.y; *pReal++ = normal.z; *pReal++ = 0.0f;
		}

		//Update bounds
		if (y1 < minY) minY = y1;
		if (y2 < minY) minY = y2;
		if (y1 + scaleY > maxY) maxY = y1 + scaleY;
		if (y2 + scaleY > maxY) maxY = y2 + scaleY;

		//Calculate heights and edge positions
		float x3 = x + zTrans, z3 = z - xTrans;
		float x4 = x - zTrans, z4 = z + xTrans;

		float y3, y4;
		if (heightFunction){
			y3 = heightFunction(x3, z3, heightFunctionUserData);
			y4 = heightFunction(x4, z4, heightFunctionUserData);
			if (layer->getMaxSlope() < (Math::Abs(y3 - y4) / (halfScaleX * 2))) {
				//Degenerate the face
				x4 = x3;
				y4 = y3;
				z4 = z3;
			}
		} else {
			y3 = 0;
			y4 = 0;
		}

		//Add vertices
		*pReal++ = (x3 - page.centerPoint.x); *pReal++ = (y3 + scaleY); *pReal++ = (z3 - page.centerPoint.z);	//pos
		if (colours) {
			*((uint32*)pReal++) = color;							//color
		}
		*pReal++ = 0; *pReal++ = 0;								//uv
		if (normals) {
			*pReal++ = normal.x; *pReal++ = normal.y; *pReal++ = normal.z; *pReal++ = 0.0f;
		}

		*pReal++ = (x4 - page.centerPoint.x); *pReal++ = (y4 + scaleY); *pReal++ = (z4 - page.centerPoint.z);	//pos
		if (colours) {
			*((uint32*)pReal++) = color;							//color
		}
		*pReal++ = 1; *pReal++ = 0;								//uv
		if (normals) {
			*pReal++ = normal.x; *pReal++ = normal.y; *pReal++ = normal.z; *pReal++ = 0.0f;
		}

		*pReal++ = (x3 - page.centerPoint.x); *pReal++ = (y3); *pReal++ = (z3 - page.centerPoint.z);			//pos
		if (colours) {
			*((uint32*)pReal++) = color;							//color
		}
		*pReal++ = 0; *pReal++ = 1;								//uv
		if (normals) {
			*pReal++ = normal.x; *pReal++ = normal.y; *pReal++ = normal.z; *pReal++ = 0.0f;
		}

		*pReal++ = (x4 - page.centerPoint.x); *pReal++ = (y4); *pReal++ = (z4 - page.centerPoint.z);			//pos
		if (colours) {
			*((uint32*)pReal++) = color;							//color
		}
		*pReal++ = 1; *pReal++ = 1;								//uv
		if (normals) {
			*pReal++ = normal.x; *pReal++ = normal.y; *pReal++ = normal.z; *pReal++ = 0.0f;
		}

		//Update bounds
		if (y3 < minY) minY = y1;
		if (y4 < minY) minY = y2;
		if (y3 + scaleY > maxY) maxY = y3 + scaleY;
		if (y4 + scaleY > maxY) maxY = y4 + scaleY;
	}

	vbuf->unlock();
	subMesh->vertexData->vertexBufferBinding->setBinding(0, vbuf);

	//Populate index buffer
	subMesh->indexData->indexStart = 0;
	subMesh->indexData->indexCount = 6 * quadCount;
	subMesh->indexData->indexBuffer = HardwareBufferManager::getSingleton()
		.createIndexBuffer(HardwareIndexBuffer::IT_16BIT, subMesh->indexData->indexCount, HardwareBuffer::HBU_STATIC_WRITE_ONLY);
	uint16* pI = static_cast<uint16*>(subMesh->indexData->indexBuffer->lock(HardwareBuffer::HBL_DISCARD));
	for (uint16 i = 0; i < quadCount; ++i)
	{
		uint16 indexOffset = i * 4;

		*pI++ = 0 + indexOffset;
		*pI++ = 2 + indexOffset;
		*pI++ = 1 + indexOffset;

		*pI++ = 1 + indexOffset;
		*pI++ = 2 + indexOffset;
		*pI++ = 3 + indexOffset;
	}

	subMesh->indexData->indexBuffer->unlock();
	//subMesh->setBuildEdgesEnabled(autoEdgeBuildEnabled);


	//Finish up mesh
	AxisAlignedBox bounds(page.bounds.left - page.centerPoint.x, minY, page.bounds.top - page.centerPoint.z,
		page.bounds.right - page.centerPoint.x, maxY, page.bounds.bottom - page.centerPoint.z);
	mesh->_setBounds(bounds);
	Vector3 temp = bounds.getMaximum() - bounds.getMinimum();
	mesh->_setBoundingSphereRadius(temp.length() * 0.5f);

	mesh->setAutoBuildEdgeLists(autoEdgeBuildEnabled);
	mesh->load();

	//Apply grass material to mesh
	subMesh->setMaterialName(layer->material->getName());

	if (layer->isTangentsEnabled()) {
		mesh->buildTangentVectors();
	}

	//Return the mesh
	return mesh.get();
}

template <class TGrassLayer>
Mesh *GrassLoader<TGrassLayer>::generateGrass_SPRITE(PageInfo &page, TGrassLayer *layer, float *grassPositions, unsigned int grassCount)
{
	//Calculate the number of quads to be added
	unsigned int quadCount;
	quadCount = grassCount;

	// check for overflows of the uint16's
	unsigned int maxUInt16 = std::numeric_limits<uint16>::max();
	if(grassCount > maxUInt16)
	{
		LogManager::getSingleton().logMessage("grass count overflow: you tried to use more than " + StringConverter::toString(maxUInt16) + " (that's the maximum) grass meshes for one page");
		return 0;
	}
	if(quadCount > maxUInt16)
	{
		LogManager::getSingleton().logMessage("quad count overflow: you tried to use more than " + StringConverter::toString(maxUInt16) + " (that's the maximum) grass meshes for one page");
		return 0;
	}

	//Create manual mesh to store grass quads
	MeshPtr mesh = MeshManager::getSingleton().createManual(getUniqueID(), ResourceGroupManager::DEFAULT_RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME);
	SubMesh *subMesh = mesh->createSubMesh();
	subMesh->useSharedVertices = false;

	//Setup vertex format information
	subMesh->vertexData = new VertexData;
	subMesh->vertexData->vertexStart = 0;
	subMesh->vertexData->vertexCount = 4 * quadCount;

	VertexDeclaration* dcl = subMesh->vertexData->vertexDeclaration;
	size_t offset = 0;
	bool colours = layer->isColoursEnabled();
	dcl->addElement(0, offset, VET_FLOAT3, VES_POSITION);
	offset += VertexElement::getTypeSize(VET_FLOAT3);
	dcl->addElement(0, offset, VET_FLOAT4, VES_NORMAL);
	offset += VertexElement::getTypeSize(VET_FLOAT4);
	if (colours) {
		dcl->addElement(0, offset, VET_COLOUR, VES_DIFFUSE);
		offset += VertexElement::getTypeSize(VET_COLOUR);
	}
	dcl->addElement(0, offset, VET_FLOAT2, VES_TEXTURE_COORDINATES);
	offset += VertexElement::getTypeSize(VET_FLOAT2);

	//Populate a new vertex buffer with grass
	HardwareVertexBufferSharedPtr vbuf = HardwareBufferManager::getSingleton()
		.createVertexBuffer(offset, subMesh->vertexData->vertexCount, HardwareBuffer::HBU_STATIC_WRITE_ONLY, false);
	float* pReal = static_cast<float*>(vbuf->lock(HardwareBuffer::HBL_DISCARD));

	//Calculate size variance
	float rndWidth = layer->maxWidth - layer->minWidth;
	float rndHeight = layer->maxHeight - layer->minHeight;

	float minY = Math::POS_INFINITY, maxY = Math::NEG_INFINITY;
	float *posPtr = grassPositions;	//Position array "iterator"
	for (uint16 i = 0; i < grassCount; ++i)
	{
		//Get the x and z positions from the position array
		float x = *posPtr++;
		float z = *posPtr++;

		//Calculate height
		float y;
		if (heightFunction){
			y = heightFunction(x, z, heightFunctionUserData);
		} else {
			y = 0;
		}

		float x1 = (x - page.centerPoint.x);
		float z1 = (z - page.centerPoint.z);

		Ogre::uint32 color(0);

		if (colours) {
			//Get the color at the grass position
			color = layer->getColorAt(x, z);
		}

		//Calculate size
		float rnd = *posPtr++;	//The same rnd value is used for width and height to maintain aspect ratio
		float halfXScale = (layer->minWidth + rndWidth * rnd) * 0.5f;
		float scaleY = (layer->minHeight + rndHeight * rnd);

		//Randomly mirror grass textures
		float uvLeft, uvRight;
		if (*posPtr++ > 0.5f){
			uvLeft = 0;
			uvRight = 1;
		} else {
			uvLeft = 1;
			uvRight = 0;
		}

		//Add vertices
		*pReal++ = x1; *pReal++ = y; *pReal++ = z1;					//center position
		*pReal++ = -halfXScale; *pReal++ = scaleY; *pReal++ = 0; *pReal++ = 0;	//normal (used to store relative corner positions)
		if (colours) {
			*((uint32*)pReal++) = color;							//color
		}
		*pReal++ = uvLeft; *pReal++ = 0;							//uv

		*pReal++ = x1; *pReal++ = y; *pReal++ = z1;					//center position
		*pReal++ = +halfXScale; *pReal++ = scaleY; *pReal++ = 0; *pReal++ = 0;	//normal (used to store relative corner positions)
		if (colours) {
			*((uint32*)pReal++) = color;							//color
		}
		*pReal++ = uvRight; *pReal++ = 0;							//uv

		*pReal++ = x1; *pReal++ = y; *pReal++ = z1;					//center position
		*pReal++ = -halfXScale; *pReal++ = 0.0f; *pReal++ = 0; *pReal++ = 0;		//normal (used to store relative corner positions)
		if (colours) {
			*((uint32*)pReal++) = color;							//color
		}
		*pReal++ = uvLeft; *pReal++ = 1;							//uv

		*pReal++ = x1; *pReal++ = y; *pReal++ = z1;					//center position
		*pReal++ = +halfXScale; *pReal++ = 0.0f; *pReal++ = 0; *pReal++ = 0;		//normal (used to store relative corner positions)
		if (colours) {
			*((uint32*)pReal++) = color;							//color
		}
		*pReal++ = uvRight; *pReal++ = 1;							//uv

		//Update bounds
		if (y < minY) minY = y;
		if (y + scaleY > maxY) maxY = y + scaleY;
	}

	vbuf->unlock();
	subMesh->vertexData->vertexBufferBinding->setBinding(0, vbuf);

	//Populate index buffer
	subMesh->indexData->indexStart = 0;
	subMesh->indexData->indexCount = 6 * quadCount;
	subMesh->indexData->indexBuffer = HardwareBufferManager::getSingleton()
		.createIndexBuffer(HardwareIndexBuffer::IT_16BIT, subMesh->indexData->indexCount, HardwareBuffer::HBU_STATIC_WRITE_ONLY);
	uint16* pI = static_cast<uint16*>(subMesh->indexData->indexBuffer->lock(HardwareBuffer::HBL_DISCARD));
	for (uint16 i = 0; i < quadCount; ++i)
	{
		uint16 indexOffset = i * 4;

		*pI++ = 0 + indexOffset;
		*pI++ = 2 + indexOffset;
		*pI++ = 1 + indexOffset;

		*pI++ = 1 + indexOffset;
		*pI++ = 2 + indexOffset;
		*pI++ = 3 + indexOffset;
	}

	subMesh->indexData->indexBuffer->unlock();
	//subMesh->setBuildEdgesEnabled(autoEdgeBuildEnabled);


	//Finish up mesh
	AxisAlignedBox bounds(page.bounds.left - page.centerPoint.x, minY, page.bounds.top - page.centerPoint.z,
		page.bounds.right - page.centerPoint.x, maxY, page.bounds.bottom - page.centerPoint.z);
	mesh->_setBounds(bounds);
	Vector3 temp = bounds.getMaximum() - bounds.getMinimum();
	mesh->_setBoundingSphereRadius(temp.length() * 0.5f);

	mesh->setAutoBuildEdgeLists(autoEdgeBuildEnabled);
	mesh->load();

	//Apply grass material to mesh
	subMesh->setMaterialName(layer->material->getName());

	//Return the mesh
	return mesh.get();
}

template <class TGrassLayer>
unsigned long GrassLoader<TGrassLayer>::GUID = 0;

}
#endif
